We Are GPTW Certified Again!
We are thrilled to share that our company has once again achieved the prestigious Great…
News & Insights
Boost Your Sales Efficiency with AI-Powered Dynamics 365 Sales Copilot!
In the current scenario of small and medium-sized businesses, leveraging cutting-edge technology is essential for…
Future Ready & Thriving: We are the Proud Winners of the ET Future Ready Organisations Award 2024!
We are very pleased to announce that we have been awarded the prestigious Economic Times Future…
Sydney Symposium: Covalense Global’s AI Solutions Connect Event!
We are delighted to announce the remarkable success of our recent AI Solutions Connect Event,…
Partnership with NEXTEDGE Technologies: Pioneering AIML Solutions Across Europe & Beyond!
We are thrilled to share the news of our recent strategic collaboration with NEXTEDGE Technologies GmbH, an…
Unlock the Power of Business Intelligence with Covalense Global!
To achieve new heights of success, organizations are turning more towards harnessing the power of…
Maximizing Business Efficiency: Our Dynamics Finance and Operations Expertise!
Given the dynamic nature of modern business, staying ahead requires more than just efficiency—it demands…
Driving Innovation & Collaboration: A Recap of Unilever’s Visit to Our Premises!
We are thrilled to announce that we recently had the pleasure of hosting our esteemed…
Celebrations time: Nasscom Inspire Award 2024 ” Delivery Excellence for Tech Services”!
We are thrilled to share with you the joyous news that we have been bestowed…
Empowerment in Every Hue: International Women’s Day at Covalense Global!
At Covalense Global, March 8th wasn’t just another day on the calendar. It was a…
We are delighted to announce CG LENSE : Covalense Global’s Advanced Enterprise Gen AI solutions & and AI Services CoE (Center of Excellence):
Welcome to CG LENSE: Your Ultimate Destination for Advanced Gen AI Solutions CG LENSE, powered…
Attain Unmatched Sales Precision with AI-Driven Dynamics 365 Sales!
Today, businesses are constantly seeking innovative solutions to drive growth and revenue. Enter Microsoft Dynamics…
Navigating the Future with Our Commitment to Responsible AI!
In recent times, as innovation and progress reign supreme, the importance of responsible AI practices…
Navigate Data-Driven Horizons with Data & Analytics!
Businesses and organizations are increasingly turning to data and analytics as a cornerstone for strategic…
Embrace the Future, Today with Enterprise Data Management!
In the digital age, data has emerged as the lifeblood of enterprises, fueling decision-making processes,…
Optimize, Develop, Thrive: Microsoft Azure’s Cloud Mastery!
Businesses are empowering themselves with Microsoft Azure to stay ahead of the curve! In the…
From Insights to Impact: Transform Your Business with Covalense Global!
Over the years, data has emerged as the cornerstone of decision-making. With the exponential growth…
From Obsolete to Outstanding: Key Benefits of IT Modernization!
Today, IT modernization has emerged as a critical imperative for organizations seeking to stay competitive…
Triumph With Our Unique Digital Strategies!
Businesses are at the crux of a digital revolution. Staying ahead in this dynamic environment…
Combine Prompt Engineering & QA for Software Excellence!
One emerging trend that is gaining widespread recognition is “Prompt Engineering” in Quality Assurance (QA).…
Master the art of Finance Management with Dynamics 365 Finance!
Harness the transformative power of Microsoft Dynamics 365 Finance to reshape your financial operations, maximize financial visibility &…
Cyber Hygiene Unveiled: Key Practices for a Secure Future!
October, designated as Cybersecurity Awareness Month, serves as a critical period for raising awareness about digital…
Enjoy the Limitless Possibilities of GenAI with Covalense Global!
Generative AI is proving to be a critical tool for all forward-thinking businesses by enabling…
IT Modernization: Your Key to Success in the Digital Age!
Embrace transformative and advanced technologies to build a robust digital core and gain a competitive…
Celebrating International Girl Child Day!
On the momentous occasion of International Day of the Girl Child, on 11th October, we were honored…
Unleash the True Potential of Intelligent Store with Covalense Global!
Deliver above and beyond the dynamic shopper expectations with Microsoft Cloud for Retail. By reimagining…
Unlock the Infinite Possibilities of Microsoft Fabric with Covalense Global!
Unleash the true value of your data in today’s AI-driven era with Microsoft Fabric –…
Embrace AIOps with Covalense Global to Unleash the Power of Intelligent Operations!
Today, the way we manage IT Operations is undergoing a remarkable evolution. Seize the opportunity…
Enjoy the Microsoft 365 Advantage with Covalense Global!
In today’s fast-paced world, staying productive and connected is key to success. And that’s where Microsoft 365 comes…
Unleash the Potential of AI-Driven Analytics in Healthcare with Covalense Global!
Embrace the future of healthcare with AI-powered analytics for improved research advancements, hyper-personalized treatment and early disease detection. Harness…
Covalense Global: Your Trusted Technology Partner for AI-driven Innovation!
Redefine the future with our data-forward approach and our combined cognitive capabilities of AI, ML & IoT to fuel…
Unveiling the Latest AIOps Trends!
As businesses continue to embrace digital transformation, the complexity of management and monitoring of IT…
Mastering Effective Data Strategy for Unlocking Hidden Value!
In today’s ever-dynamic business landscape, data has emerged as the backbone of success. From optimizing operations to offering superior customer experiences,…
UiPath Emerges as the RPA Leader Once Again!
UiPath has been named as the Leader of Robotic Process Automation for the 5th consecutive year in a row…
The Future of Generative AI as We See It!
Generative AI has been creating waves like never before! To unlock its full potential, we…
Covalense Global is certified again as a Great Place To Work!
We are thrilled to have earned our Great Place to Work® Certification™ again! We always…
Stay Ahead in the Digital Age with Microsoft 365
AI-powered Microsoft 365 is the ultimate productivity suite, bringing together the best-in-class applications powered with intelligent…
We are delighted to share the wonderful news that we have made to India’s most prestigious listing- The Economic Times Future Ready Organizations.
We have won #ETFutureReady Award 2023! at Taj Lands, Mumbai on 4th May. This showcases our future readiness…
Cheers to Success: Celebrating the Launch of Flipview 2.0
May 2nd was nothing short of a spectacle for Flipview® and Covalense Global ! We had a wonderful evening with celebratory drinks…
New Beginnings: A New Office in London, UK
We are pleased to announce the opening of our brand-new office in London, UK on 22nd…
2023: A Year of Technological Significance!
With technology evolving at a rapid pace and giving impetus to accelerated change, here are…
Microsoft Security Copilot
Can you imagine cybersecurity professionals processing over 65 trillion threat signals a day? Now it’s…
Partnership with Salesforce: Unlocking New Opportunities
Covalense Global is glad to announce that we are now a Salesforce Consulting Partner! We believe…
Embracing Equity: Taking the Conversation Beyond International Women’s Day
Covalense has been celebrating International Women’s Day since the company’s inception. Every year’s celebration had…
The Connects that Last
153+ HR Connects over the last 3 years Covalense launched “HR Connects” in 2020. The…
Annual Audit for ISO Certifications – A Success!
ISO/IEC 27701:2019, ISO 9001:2015 and ISO/IEC 27001:2013 We are delighted to announce that Covalense Global…
Covalense Global is Great Place to Work-Certified™!
Congratulations to everyone at Covalense Global for achieving this! This is a great moment of pride…
International Women’s Day at Covalense Global: “Breaking the Bias Benefits Everyone”
Covalense Global Team members around the world celebrated International Women’s Day on March 8 and…
Covalense Global ranked among “ The 20 Wonderful Workplaces to Shape Your Career! ”
We are ranked among the " Top 20 Wonderful Workplaces to Shape Your Career! ”…
Covalense Global featured in the latest Global Hues Magazine among the Top 10 Most Trusted Solution Providers!
COLLABORATE. INNOVATE. ACCELERATE! Covalense Global is committed to strategic long-term partnerships with its clients enabling…
Covalense Global recognized as a Globally Trusted Technology Partner in AI & IA
Meet our team to know how we do Automation at every point in the journey…
We are extremely delighted to share that Krishna Peesapati, Director – Strategy and Operations is awarded “GLOBAL W.O.W. ACHIEVERS” by World Women Leadership Congress ( WWLC).
WWLC honours the strategic and influential role of various Women leaders in the development of…
Covalense Global successfully completes 11 years Anniversary with Vodafone, Qatar.
It has been a wonderful long journey receiving “ customer service excellence awards” and reaching…
Covalense Global completed its ISO Annual Audit for ISMS 27001:2013 & QMS 9001:2015 successfully!
“We thank everyone at Covalense Global for their outstanding contribution that led us in achieving…
Covalense Global HR teams have successfully completed 60 Connect Sessions online during COVID times!
Multiple Sessions with external trainers on “building resilience”, Meditation, Yoga, Inner Wellness, Health & Safety!…
COVID -19 Outbreak, Stick to Social Distancing Protocols. Stay safe, stay well & take care!
COVID -19 Outbreak, Stick to Social Distancing Protocols. Stay safe, stay well & take care!…
Visit of Doug Vincent, MD & Jamie Cerexhe, Head of Technology of Mastt to Covalense Global GDC
Doug Vincent, MD of Mastt & Jamie Cerexhe, Head of Technology visits our GDC for…
Covalense Global opens 2nd Development centre in Bangalore
It’s with great joy and excitement that we present our 2nd Development Center in Bangalore…
10 Golden Years of Customer Service Excellence!
Great moments at Covalense Global! Celebrating 10 Years of 24/7 services for Vodafone Qatar! Amazing…
ISO 27001:2013 ISMS Certification & ISO 9001:2015 QMS certification
Greetings to all, With our continued commitment towards Quality Management & Information Security, we feel…
Center of Excellence for AA
Automation Anywhere, a Global Leader in Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has recognised Covalense Global for…
Tech Talk on Hybrid Cloud Migration With Microsoft Azure
A wonderful tech talk and dinner meet at Sydney. It was great to talk at…
Covalense Global featured among the TOP 50 Most Promising Microsoft Solution Providers of 2019!
Covalense Global was featured in CIO Review Magazine among the Top 50 Most Promising Microsoft…
Covalense Global’s CSR performance and integrated CSR Business Practices have been successfully analysed and rated by EcoVadis.
EcoVadis is the world’s most trusted provider of business sustainability ratings, intelligence and collaborative performance…
Celebrations at Sheraton Grand by Covalense Global team working at Unilever.
15th May 2019 , a day of celebrations and memorable dinner at Sheraton Grand, Bangalore marking…
Covalense Technology Day 2019
The event held on April 27th , showcased Covalense’s technological convergence capabilities and highlighted the…
cSMART wins Oracle’s Solution Excellence Award 2019 for the second consecutive year
For two years in a row, Covalense is proud to win Oracle’s "Solution Excellence Award…
9 years of grand celebrations for Vodafone Engagement
Covalense Global has completed 9 years of committed 24 *7 services for Vodafone Qatar. Marking…
Covalense Global named by CIO Advisor APAC as the Top 10 Cloud Solution Providers of 2018!
"Making complexities simpler for our customers is our Motto" Covalense Global is a Customer Focused…
Covalense Global Invests in FlipView Limited, NZ
Covalense Global invests in the development and marketing of the FlipView™, a cloud based SaaS…
Curtains down on Oracle Open World 2018
Oracle Open World billed as the world’s largest conference for Oracle customers, partners and technologists…
Covalense wins “Business Value Excellence Award” at Oracle CAB Asia 2018
Oracle Communications Customer Advisory Board (CAB) meeting is an exclusive event comprising of a network…
Covalense glorious journey of 12 years!
Message from Narayana Peesapati, MD on 12th June :- Congratulations! Happy 12th Anniversary to all Covalensians! We…
Covalense expands footprint into Africas
Covalense bags roaming and mediation project on Oracle Communications Stack for a prestigious client located…
Covalense wins a coveted cSMART deal with the World’s first Digital Utilities company
Covalense announces a strategic win in the North American marketplace with the World’s first Digital…
Covalense roots its culture of sharing the learnings on Covalense Technology day
The Covalense Technology Day held on April 21st was an engaging and insightful event. The speakers…
Covalense at India South Africa Business Summit 2018
Covalense was proud to be a part of the very first India-South Africa Business Summit…
Covalense shines with multiple awards at Oracle Industry Connect – 2018
Covalense , an Oracle Gold Partner is proud to win “Business Excellence Award for cSMART”…
Covalense elevates its momentum in cloud technology, achieves integration of cSMART and OMC cloud
Covalense proudly announces the integration of cSMART with Oracle Monetization Cloud (OMC) hence paving new…
Covalense expands its footprint with a new office space.
Covalense continued growth has fuelled in the expansion of its operations from its new state-of-the-art…
Oracle accredits Covalense with Oracle Monetization Cloud Specialization
Covalense, an accomplished Oracle Gold Partner is one among the first to achieve “ Oracle…
Covalense exhibits at Mobile World Congress, 2018
Covalense presented its Digital Commerce Platform – cSMART at MWC 2018, held at Barcelona, Spain.…
Oracle recognizes Covalense for expertise in Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management
Covalense, a Gold member of Oracle Partner Network (OPN) is proud to be accredited by…
Covalense launched cSMART – SaaS based subscription monetization solution
Covalense announces general availability of cSMART at the Oracle Open World 2017, being held at San Francisco,…
Covalense at Oracle Open World #OOW17
Covalense is excited to be a part of Oracle OpenWorld 2017! OpenWorld is where you…
Certified Oracle global partner for Oracle BRM
Oracle Corporation has accorded the “Global Partner for Oracle BRM” certification to Covalense. It is…
Successful Siebel project deliveries
Covalense being a strategic Siebel partner for Vector based out of New Zealand, has successfully…
2017 Microsoft Tertiary ICT Innovation Awards
Our SharePoint practice lead and Solution Architect, Murali has been instrumental in architecting & developing…
New customer win
Covalense has been chosen as a preferred partner to Dell for supporting them in implementations…
Accolades from Client Sigmastream
Covalense receives a wonderful testimonial from one of its clients, Sigmastream for its services in…
New Siebel project win
Covalense has expanded its footprint in to European region by bagging a new Siebel project.
Covalense and Cyta forge stronger partnership, set a roadmap for new features and releases
Covalense has been a trusted advisor to Cyta for more than a year. Cyta executive…
Empanelment with Pegasystems
Covalense is proud to announce that in June 2017, Pegasystems, UK has selected Covalense as…
Energy Action launches mobile app
Energy Action Mobile app is an innovative data analytics platform that enables business users to…
Marking Covalense’s 11th Anniversary and a commitment to push the organization forward to the next phase of its growth story
Marking Covalense’s 11th Anniversary and a commitment to push the organization forward to the next phase…
Covalense empanelled to NZ Govt’s Department of Internal Affairs
Covalense has been selected as one of the suppliers of NZ Government’s Department of Internal…
Covalense’s President Sreenivas Peesapati unveiled the blueprint for a cloud based subscription monetization solution at Florida
Covalense’s President Sreenivas Peesapati unveiled the blueprint for a cloud based subscription monetization solution at…
Empanelment with Energy Action, Australia
Energy Action Ltd, an ASX listed company has awarded multi-year software services contract to us…
Covalense Hyderabad Office Shifted to New Premises
Our New Address:Covalense Technologies Pvt LtdUnit – A,5th Floor, Kapil Towers,IT Park, Financial District,Nanakramguda, Gachibowli,Hyderabad…
Covalense announces the release of cTAF version 2.0
Covalense releases cTAF v2.0 with completely revamped user interface with improved ease of use, look…
Empanelment to NZ Healthcare Sector
Covalense has been selected as one of the suppliers of IT Professional Services Panel to…
Covalense Forays into Enterprise Markets
As the Communications and Enterprise markets converge, Covalense is making inroads and building next generation products to…
Covalense is ranked among the top Six vendors in the Global BSS-OSS Software market
Oracle Oracle was founded in 1977 and is headquartered in Redwood Shores, California, US. The…
A hearty welcome to Mr. Srinivas Ponnaganti to Covalense
A hearty welcome to Mr. Srinivas Ponnaganti to Covalense. As a Senior Vice President and…
Vodafone Qatar presents Covalense with Commitment to Services Award
For the past 6 years, Covalense has been one of the prime vendors of Vodafone…
Covalense at Oracle Industry Connect
Established in 2006, Covalense is a well-recognised and reliable IT transformation partner to their clients.…
Covalense’s cBOB gathers momentum for its Communications Industry Solutions at Oracle Industry Connect Event 2016
Covalense’s cBOB gathers momentum for its Communications Industry Solutions at Oracle Industry Connect Event 2016
Covalense announces its BSS OSS solutions to communications industry to Oracle Industry Connect 2016
To penetrate into Tier 2 and Tier 3 segments, Covalense built cBOB solution to quickly…
Covalense unveils cutting edge SmartTools for Oracle Communications Stack
cTAF is an easy to use, Robust and Complete test automation framework. The intuitive test…
Covalense is a sponsor and panel partner at the 2016 Oracle Industry Connect to be held at Orlando, Florida on April 11th – 13th 2016
Covalense is a sponsor and panel partner at the 2016 Oracle Industry Connect to be…
Covalense completes its first parallel run on a Leading Taiwan Telecom Giant involving ECE & PDC
TAIPEI | BANGALORE Covalense successfully completed a parallel run for its client at Taiwan with…
Tau Ora, the organisational wellness programme portal developed by Covalense has won the top prize for Health, Safety and Wellbeing at the HRINZ awards held in Auckland last week
Tau Ora portal developed by Covalense for Te Wānanga o Aotearoa has won yet another…
Visit of MD, Covalense to Australia and New Zealand
Mr. Narayana Peesapati, MD Covalense, visited Australia and New Zealand from 08-19 Feb ’16 to…
Rapid Progress of Covalense’s Siebel CRM Practice
In a span of one year Covalense Siebel practice has grown from 2 to 30…
Covalense’s IT Support engagements with Transdev New Zealand
Covalense reached an agreement with Transdev New Zealand (formerly Veolia), a French-based international private-public transport…
Covalense signs a service agreement with healthAlliance, New Zealand
healthAlliance (www.healthalliance.co.nz) provides the information services that support the delivery of quality healthcare to the…
Vector signs MSA for implementation of Siebel CRM
Vector is the New Zealand’s largest distributor of electricity and gas across Auckland region covering…
Establishment of Siebel CRM Practice in New Zealand
Since the Business Development activity is focused on Telecommunications and Energy clients, who predominately use…
Successful implementation of PLS at Keri Juice Plant, CCA New Zealand
Covalense has successfully implemented Pallet Labelling System (PLS) in CCA’s Keri Juice Plant, Auckland. Under…
TWoA extends Annual Support and Maintenance with Covalense
Te Wānanga o Aotearoa is one of New Zealand’s largest tertiary education providers. They offer…
Salesforce Implementation and Support in New Zealand
Fronde, a leading System Integrator in New Zealand signed AN annual contract with Covalense Salesforce…
Performance testing for WEX Inc, New Zealand, a leader in corporate payment systems
WEX (www.wexinc.com) is a global leader in corporate payment systems, representing more than 9 million…
Covalense attains IBM Business Partner status
Covalense became an IBM Business Partner and we are currently in talks with a large…
Coca-Cola Amatil, New Zealand awards PLS implementation
CCA New Zealand has awarded Pallet Labelling System (PLS) implementation for their Keri Juice Plant,…
9 years of enduring success and growth! A message from Narayana Peesapati, MD Covalense
Thanks to all of our clients and staff, Covalense is celebrating our 9th year anniversary…
Covalense developed web portal for TWoA won Supreme Award at NZ Workplace Health & Safety Awards, 27 May 15
Tau Ora (www.tauora.co.nz), is a holistic wellness programme run by Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, New…
Expanded Sales teams in New Zealand, Australia and India
Covalense has expanded sales team in New Zealand with Krish Krishnamurti joined us as our…
Visit of Paul Psaila, CIO 9 Spokes to Covalense’s Offshore Development Center, Hyderabad
Paul Psaila, CIO and Matt Lightbourn, Technical BA of 9 Spokes visited our development centre…
Enterprise System Migration across NZ Tertiary organizations
One of our principal clients in New Zealand, Open Wānanga has undergone a major structural…
Covalense bags a multi-year service contract from US based company
Arizona | Bangalore Covalense bags a service project for a leading communications client from Arizona.…
Covalense has been recognised at Oracle OpenWorld 2015, San Francisco
Oracle Corporation has recognised Covalense as Niche System Integrator for Oracle Communication Stack at Oracle…
Growth of Covalense’s Oracle OSS/BSS Practice
With Covalense becoming a preferred partner of Oracle in BSS area, we have started bidding…
TWoA awards Covalense an enterprise wide Health & Wellbeing programme development.
With the successful transition, TWoA awarded Covalense an enterprise wide Health & Wellbeing programme (aka…
Covalense bags long term development contract from 9 Spokes
Covalense has been working with 9 Spokes, a promising Kiwi start up for the world’s…
Covalense Consulting Practices in CRM and Collaboration
We have commenced the Microsoft Dynamics CRM consulting practice in New Zealand. Under a preferred…
Covalense Participates in Oracle Open World 2014 as Oracle Communications Specialized Partner
We are happy to announce our presence in Oracle Open World 2014, taking place from…
Covalense’s Client – 9 Spokes bags the IBM ANZ Award
9 Spokes an online business software start-up in New Zealand, has been declared 2014 winner…
Distance Learning Solutions for New Zealand Tertiary Programmes
Covalense is working on development of the Student portals that will enable one of our…
Covalense Celebrates its 8th Anniversary
The month of June, 2014 marked Covalense’s eighth anniversary which, was celebrated with full fervour…
Covalense Extends its Partnership with YTL Communications
This engagement is an extension of our existing support and services for Billing and Revenue…
Building of Covalense’s Java/J2EE competency practice
With the emergence of Java/J2EE as the leading development platforms based on its modular, component-oriented…
Covalense chosen for development of SaaS based Student based assessments
Effacy, an ISV in Wellington selected Covalense for development of an online Software-as-a-Service product specifically…
Oracle BSS (BRM) Consulting for Mobily, Saudi Arabia
Under a sub contract arrangement with IBM, Covalense deployed a 3 member team with Mobily…
Gerudio Online Global Education Data Aggregation and e-Commerce Portal by Covalense
Gerudio, an Australian ISV specialises in global education exchange information and acts as a hub…
Visit of Open Wānanga’s Senior Management to Covalense India
Kingi Wetere, CEO accompanies by Tony Tuhoro, IT Manager, Open Wānanga (www.openwānanga.ac.nz) visited Covalense’s development…
Covalense inks an Agreement with Biotechnology firm LanzaTech
LanzaTech (www.lanzatech.com) is a biotechnology company that develops low cost carbon fuels globally signed a…
Emerson Network Power awards Enterprise Implementation to Covalense
Emerson Network Power (www.emersonnetworkpower.com), a global technology company that specializes in protection and optimisation of…
BRM Consulting Engagements with Mobily Information Technologies
Covalense secured BRM consulting engagements with Mobily for various enhancement initiatives across Mobily over a…
Enterprise Collaboration Solutions for Open Wānanga in Microsoft SharePoint platform
Open Wānanga delivers home based programmes and is one of the New Zealand’s largest tertiary…
Agreement with Huawei for BRM Transformation Project in Africa
Covalense has signed a direct contract with Huawei for BRM transformation project for Togo Telecom…
Oracle BSS (BRM) and Siebel CRM Implementations for Mobily
Covalense will provide technical resources to Mobily (www.mobily.com), Saudi Arabia for implementation of Fibre to…
Covalense’s Telco practice deploying Oracle Communication Stack
Oracle Product Stack for communication platform is industry standard for verticals such as Telecommunications, SAAS,…
Covalense forays into Shipping & Logistics Solutions
Covalense inks an agreement with ICM Consulting a promising Australian consultancy for implementation of logistics…
Covalense’s backend contributions to Christchurch rebuild
Covalense has been a preferred development partner for Tonkin &Taylor, an international environmental and engineering…
Oracle opt Covalense for their global engagements
Oracle consulting practice engages their global customers to ensure right way of implementing Oracle Communication…
Covalense’s backend contributions to Christchurch rebuild
Covalense has been a preferred development partner for Tonkin &Taylor, an international environmental and engineering…
Impressive strides in Tertiary Education, New Zealand
Open Wānanga is the part of Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, one of the largest tertiary…
IBM selects Covalense for Oracle Billing Implementations
IBM Global Services engages Covalense in Oracle BSS space on some of the critical and…
Covalense embarks on own IP Development
Covalense has also embarked in developing our own IP in the areas of Mediation (Covalense…
Covalense & Coca Cola Amatil NZ inks an agreement
Covalense and Coca Cola Amatil, New Zealand have inked an agreement for annual maintenance of…
